Meaning: A specific law overrides a general law. Explanation: More specific norms control over general provisions; vital in harmonising campus and national statutes. Example: Specific online misconduct rules may override

Meaning: Let justice be done though the heavens fall. Explanation: Fidelity to justice even at great cost; courts invoke it rhetorically in landmark decisions. Example: A student whistleblower’s case pursued

Meaning: The law does not concern itself with trifles. Explanation: Courts avoid trivial disputes; discretion is key, especially for marginalized groups. Example: A petty insult may be de minimis unless

Meaning: No one should adjudicate their own case. Explanation: Recusal mechanisms protect impartiality in governance and disciplinary processes. Example: A dean accused of mismanagement must not adjudicate appeals relating to

Meaning: Public welfare is supreme. Explanation: Environmental regulations aimed at public welfare must meet proportionality tests and respect rights. Example: Campus bans on single-use plastics for sustainability.

Meaning: When in doubt, rule for the accused. Explanation: Presumption of innocence protects against wrongful punishment. Example: Ambiguous testimony in a misconduct hearing should not alone justify expulsion.

Meaning: Certain things belong to all humanity. Explanation: Cultural heritage cannot be privately destroyed for profit.

Meaning: Institutions must avoid foreseeable harm. Explanation: Hospitals and states owe enforceable obligations.

Meaning: Agreements must be kept. Explanation: Contracts and treaties create binding obligations. Example: A hired speaker agreement obliges both parties; breach allows legal remedy.

Meaning: Hear the other side. Explanation: Natural justice requires notice and opportunity to be heard before adverse decisions. Example: Students must have a real chance to respond prior to sanctions.