Meaning: The mother is always certain. Explanation: This legal principle means that the identity of a child’s mother is considered legally unquestionable because childbirth clearly establishes maternity. Historically, it has

Meaning: No crime without law. Explanation: A person cannot be punished for an act that was not legally considered a crime at the time it was committed. This principle protects

Meaning: No action arises from an immoral cause. Explanation: A person cannot seek legal remedy if their claim is based on an illegal or unethical act. Courts will not assist

Meaning: He who acts through another does the act himself. Explanation: A person cannot escape liability by carrying out an act through someone else. The law treats the actions of

Meaning: The welfare of the people is the supreme law. Explanation: This maxim highlights that the well-being of the public takes precedence over individual interests. Laws and decisions should ultimately

Meaning: To a willing person, no injury is done. Explanation: If someone knowingly and willingly places themselves in a risky situation, they cannot later complain of harm arising from it.

Meaning: Where there is a right, there is a remedy. Explanation: This maxim ensures that whenever a legal right is violated, the law provides a means to enforce it or

Meaning: The thing speaks for itself. Explanation: This principle applies when the nature of an accident is such that it clearly indicates negligence, even without direct evidence. The facts themselves

Meaning: No one should be a judge in their own case. Explanation: This rule ensures impartiality in legal proceedings. A person with a personal interest in a case must not

Meaning: The act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty. Explanation: This principle emphasizes that for a crime to be established, there must be both

Meaning: Where a person cannot act, the limitation period does not run. Explanation: Statutes of limitations are suspended if the claimant was prevented from bringing suit; ensures fairness for those

Meaning: Let the decision stand (follow precedent). Explanation: Precedent stabilises law and ensures predictability; institutions should apply consistent disciplinary precedents while allowing principled departures. Example: A campus committee relying on