Feminism is a term that has often been lost in translation; its true meaning overshadowed by misconceptions. The explanation of feminism often suffocates the original definition. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, feminism is defined as “advocacy of equality of the sexes and the establishment of the political, social and economic rights of women.” However, when asked, the average female defines feminism as achieving a just society where everyone is treated with dignity and respect.
This article explores the origins of feminism, its evolution across four different waves, and the profound impact it continues to have on humanity.
The Origins of Feminism
The roots of feminism are difficult to trace back to a single origin. Some link its beginnings to Sappho, a Greek poetess from 570 BCE, whose works celebrated women. Others credit Christine de Pisan, who in 1434 defended women’s morality and promoted their well-being. People also believe that Jane Austen, renowned for her feminist themes critiquing societal norms, may have brought about this transformative movement. However, feminism is not the story of one individual. It emerged as a collective effort over centuries, shaped by countless women whose contributions helped elevate the status of women in society.
The Four Waves of Feminism
Feminism evolved through four major waves, each building on the progress of its predecessors.
The First Wave
The first wave of feminism emerged in the 19th century amid urban industrialization and liberal, socialist politics. This wave primarily focused on legal rights such as gaining the right to vote, to seek education, to buy property under one’s own name, and to gain recognition as individuals separate from their husbands.
Although there is little consensus regarding when these movements began, according to the papers released by the Pacific University Oregon, it is believed that the first wave officially began at the Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. This convention was held under the precedence of Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott, where Stanton declared that women were equal to men and they rightfully deserved the same rights as they had. The initiative later gave birth to many groundbreaking movements such as the temperance movement and the abolitionist movement that revolved around African-American women. Notably, however, the first wave was predominantly organized by white, middle-class women.
The Second Wave
The second wave was built on the gains of the first wave, which focused on women’s legal rights. This movement broadened to include a wider audience. This wave addressed issues like sexuality, domestic violence, and marital rape. The mantra of the feminists leading this wave was that traditional roles act as barriers, restricting women from being independent or successful.
The second wave also focused on reproductive rights, advocating for access to contraceptives and abortion. They argued that women hold the right to be financially independent and should be able to compete for the same jobs as men on the same criteria. The notable success of this wave is that The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed.
The Third Wave
The third wave was started to expand civil rights and demand social equality for women. It was built on the gains of both the first and the second wave.
As agreed upon by Martha Rampton, this wave addressed a number of issues highlighting the struggles faced by women of different races, classes, and gender identities. In this wave, feminists were focused on forming one identity, and the phrase “Women Unite!” originated.
This wave destigmatized wearing high heels, applying lipstick, and encouraged women to dress the way they want. Feminists involved in this wave empowered women to proudly embrace their feminine beauty, rather than being playthings for patriarchy. It popularized the idea that terms like “slut” or “bitch” should not be used to demean women.
The Fourth Wave
The fourth wave began around 2010, fueled by social media’s ability to amplify voices. This wave focused on issues such as sexual harassment, body shaming, and rape culture.
This movement was solidified by a number of unfortunate events, especially the gang rape and murder of a woman in India in 2012. This incident caused immense indignation, which sparked local and international protests. Following this came the defeat of Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential elections, where he made provocative remarks about women. In response to this, the famous Women’s March of 2017 was held.
According to Britannica, this was even more significant than the movement against Harvey Weinstein in 2006, when it was revealed that he had sexually harassed numerous women in the film industry. This calling out encouraged more women to speak up and share their experiences, which resulted in a worldwide #MeToo movement.
The Impact of Feminism
Each wave of feminism has left a profound impact on society. From Christine de Pisan, the first woman to make a living solely through her writing, to the grandmother who sparked the Women’s March with a simple Facebook post, every contribution matters. Feminism has not only empowered women but also engaged men who stood as allies, driving their mothers, wives, and daughters to protests and fighting for equal rights.
Feminism is not about hating men; it is about creating a world where everyone—regardless of gender—is treated with fairness, dignity, and respect. Its legacy is a testament to the power of collective action and the enduring pursuit of justice.
